Vehicle identification numbers The process of continuous improvement of products is a hallmark of any mass production. At the same time, with the exception of cases of major design changes to models...
Purchase of spare parts An important role in the repair work is played by the use of spare parts and consumables of only high quality, specially designed for a specific car model. In general,...
Vehicle maintenance technology Dimensions/marking of strength class standard (SAE and USS) bolts G - Strength class marking L - Length (in inches) T - Thread Pitch (number of threads per inch) D -...
Necessary tools and equipment of the workplace Tool Micrometer with a set of nozzles Dial meter with a set of clamps and nozzles Dial/vernier caliper Vacuum pump with manual drive stroboscope Compression tester with...
Poddomkrachivanie car The jack supplied as standard on the vehicle is for wheel changing procedures only. When carrying out any other repair or maintenance work, the vehicle must be raised...
Towing a car Front wheel drive models To avoid deformation of the bumper, the vehicles considered in this Guide should not be towed using a tow truck equipped with a cable extension...
Starting the engine from an auxiliary power source The use of an auxiliary power supply will help to start the engine in an emergency, but then the cause of the low battery should be identified and corrected, the most...
Automotive chemicals, cleaners, sealants Recently, many chemicals, oils and lubricants have been commercialized for use in the course of routine maintenance and repair of a car. This includes a wide range of...