General description of the battery

The battery is the first link in the chain of mechanisms that work to power the engine. In our car, it is of the lead-acid type, consisting of six batteries connected in series into a battery in order to obtain a voltage of 12 V. Each of the six cells (cans) contains a certain number of positive and negative plates, separated by a small distance and located in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The two types of plates are made up of dissimilar metals. This causes a chemical reaction that produces a current flowing out of the battery when its positive and negative terminals are connected to an electrical actuator - a lamp, a motor, etc. The continuous flow of electrons eventually turns the acid in the electrolyte into water and makes the two plates identical in chemical composition.. Since electrical energy «removed» out of the battery, its voltage drops. Thus, the measurement of battery voltage and electrolyte composition are options for monitoring the battery's ability to deliver voltage. When starting the engine, electrical energy «removed» from the battery. However, if the battery charging circuit is in good condition and operating conditions are normal, then the energy expended by the battery will be returned by the generator, which sends electrons back through the battery in the opposite direction to normal flow and returns the battery to its original chemical state.

The battery and starter are connected by very thick electrical wires designed to reduce current resistance. The main power wire coming from the battery goes straight to the starter, while the rest of the electrical consumers are connected with thinner wires. When the starter is running, battery voltage is applied to the starter and it is grounded through the vehicle body and the negative battery terminal wire.